Mechanisms of ATP release from 1321N1 cells

Extracellular osmolarity modulates G protein-coupled receptor-dependent ATP release from 1321N1 astrocytoma cells.

We previously reported that ATP release from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells could be stimulated either by activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) or by hypotonic stress. Cheema et al. (Cheema TA, Ward CE, Fisher SK. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315: 755-763, 2005) have demonstrated that thrombin activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in 1321N1 cells and primary astrocytes acts syne...

Mechanisms of Atp Release in Airway Epithelial Cells

Release of ATP from avian Müller glia cells in culture

ATP can be released from neurons and act as a neuromodulator in the nervous system. Besides neurons, cortical astrocytes also are capable of releasing ATP from acidic vesicles in a Ca(2+)-dependent way. In the present work, we investigated the release of ATP from Müller glia cells of the chick embryo retina by examining quinacrine staining and by measuring the extracellular levels of ATP in pur...

Dynamics of shear-induced ATP release from red blood cells.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a regulatory molecule for many cell functions, both for intracellular and, perhaps less well known, extracellular functions. An important example of the latter involves red blood cells (RBCs), which help regulate blood pressure by releasing ATP as a vasodilatory signaling molecule in response to the increased shear stress inside arterial constrictions. Although s...

Lactate interferes with ATP release from red blood cells.

Upon exposure to low Po(2), the red blood cells of most species, including humans, release increased amounts of ATP that ultimately serves as a regulator of vascular tone matching oxygen supply with demand. In pathological conditions such as malaria and sepsis, a maldistribution of perfusion exists with its severity often correlated with the extent of elevation of serum lactate frequently in th...